Saturday, 22 July 2017

NAQI:- National Air Quality Index for India

NAQI
National Air Quality Index for India
There are Six (6) AQI categories like GOOD, SATISFACTORY, MODERATELY POLLUTED, POOR AIR QUALITY, VERY POOR AIR QUALITY, SEVERALLY POLLUTED. These AQI are integrated with AQI Sub-index (which is a range in real numbers). These six categories are decided based on Ambient concentration values of air pollutants & their likely health effects. The AQI sub index  and health impacts (health breakpoints) are evolved for eight (8) pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, Pb. 

NAQI standard are prescribed for these 8 pollutants for short term exposure (24hrs).  Sub-index is calculated based on ambient concentrations of these air pollutants. It is to be noted that AQI Sub-index is linear function of ambient concentrations of these 8 air pollutants.
The worst Sub-index determines Overall AQI.


AQI                         Possible Health impacts  
                        or health break point


Good -                    Minimum Impact
(0-50)

Satisfactory -        Minor Breathing
(51-100)                discomfort to
                               sensitive  persons

Moderately Polluted-  Breathing discomfort  
(101-200)                     to persons having Heart
                                      or Lung disease, to older
                                      ones & to children's

Poor -                     Breathing discomfort to
(201-300)              persons on prolonged
                               exposure 

Very Poor -            Respiratory illness to
(301-400)              people on prolonged
                               exposure 

Severe -               Respiratory effects even on
(>400)                  healthy people


One observation means one AQI calculated
for daily Ambient Air Quality data at
one Air Monitoring Station.



Air Pollutant      AQI Sub-index     Ambient        
                                                          concentration                                                                      of PM2.5

PM2.5                      100                  60 μg/m3

PM2.5                       75                   45 μg/m3
PM2.5                       50                   31μg/m3











Standards for Water Consumption in Thermal Power Plants in India

Standards for Water Consumption in Thermal Power Plants in India

1. All plants with Once Through Cooling (OTC) shall install cooling tower (CT) and achieve specific water consumption upto maximum of 3.5m3/MWh by 7/12/2017.

2. All existing Cooling Tower(CT) based plants reduce specific water consumption of 3.5m3/MWh by 7/12/2017.

3. New Plants to be installed after 1/1/2017 shall have to meet specific water consumption upto maximum of 2.5m3/MWh and achieve zero Wastewater discharge.


Guidelines for Discharge Point in Thermal Power Plants in India

Guidelines for Discharge Point in Thermal Power Plants in India

  1. The discharge point shall preferably be located at the bottom of water bodies at mid-stream for proper dispersion of thermal discharge.
  2. In case of discharge of  cooling water into sea, proper marine outfall shall be designed to achieve the prescribed standards. The point of discharge may be selected in consultation with the Concerned State Authorities.
  3. No cooling water discharge shall be permitted in estuaries or near ecologically sensitive areas such as mangroves, coral reefs, spawning & breeding grounds of aquatic flora or fauna.

Temperature Limit for discharge of Condenser Cooling Water from Thermal Power Plant in India.

Temperature Limit for discharge of Condenser Cooling Water from Thermal Power Plant in India.

New Thermal Power Plants commissioned  after June 1, 1999 :-
New Thermal Power Plants, which will be using water from rivers, reservoir, lakes shall install cooling towers irrespective of location & capacity.

New Projects in Coastal areas using Sea water:
The Thermal Power Plants using Sea Water should adopt suitable system to reduce water temperature at the final discharge point so that the resultant temperature of receiving water does not rise.
Rise in temperature of Condenser Cooling Water from the inlet to the outlet of Condenser shall not be more than 10°C.

Friday, 14 July 2017

Standards for Discharge of Liquid Effluents from Coal based Thermal Power Plants in India

Environmental Regulations for Coal based Thermal Power Plants in India

Standards for discharge of Liquid Effluents

S.NSourcePollutantsConcentrations
1Condenser Cooling Water
(Once through Cooling System)
pH

Temperature



Free available Chlorine
6.5-8.5

More than 10°C than the intake water temperature

0.5mg/L
2Boiler Blow-downSS
Oil & Grease
Copper(total)
Iron (total)
100mg/L
20mg/L
1mg/L
1mg/L
3Cooling Tower Blow- downFree available Chlorine

Zinc
Chromium
Phosphate

Other Corrosion inhibiting materials
0.5mg/L



1mg/L
0.2mg/L
5mg/L

Limits to be established case by case basis
4Ash Pond EffluentpH
SS
Oil & Grease
6.5-8.5
100 mg/L
20mg/L

Wednesday, 12 July 2017

Flow Scheme & Mixing Conditions in Wastewater Treatment

FLOW SCHEME:-
Sewage addition may be done at a single point at the inlet end of the tank or it may beat several points along the aeration tank. The sludge return is carried out from the underflow of the settling tank to the aeration tank. The sludge wastage can be done from return sludge line or from aeration tank itself. Sludge wasting from the aeration tank will have a better control over the process, however higher sludge waste volume need to be handled in this case due to lower concentration as compared to when wasting is done from underflow of SST. The compressed air may be applied uniformly along the whole length of the tank or it may be tapered from the head of the aeration tank to its end.

MIXING CONDITIONS
The aeration tank can be of Plug Flow type or Completely Mixed. In the Plug Flow type, the F/M and oxygen demand will be the highest at the inlet end of aeration tank & it will then progressively decrease.
In Completely Mixed system, the F/M & oxygen demand will be uniform throughout the tank.

ISO 14001: EMS Requirement Clauses

4.1 General Requirement
4.2 Environmental Policy
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
4.3.2 Legal & other requirements
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets & Programmes
4.4 Implementation & Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles & Responsibilities
4.4.2 Competence, Training & awareness
4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 Documentation
4.4.5 Control of Documents
4.4.6 Operational Control
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness & Response
4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring & Measurement
4.5.2 Evaluation of Compliance
4.5.3 Nonconformity, CA PA
4.5.4 Control of Records
4.5.5 Internal Audit
4.6 Management Review